Transmission having simple construction

ABSTRACT

A transmission for a vehicle. A rotation force generated in an engine is transmitted via a torque converter to an output shaft. Power of the output shaft is transmitted at a right angle at a bevel gear section that includes a bevel pinion gear and a bevel ring gear. The bevel ring gear transmits power to a clutch unit that includes forward and backward clutch sections to be connected to the bevel ring gear when a speed-change operation is implemented (for example, forward/backward gear shift operations). The clutch unit is connected to a differential gear case, which transmits power to a differential pinion gear and a drive shaft. The vehicle drivable through a reduction gear assembly that is mountable to an axle assembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a transmission which can be applied to heavy equipment such as a forklift and an excavator, a tractor, a special vehicle, and all powered vehicles and, more particularly, to a transmission having a simple construction, in which a clutch unit is separated from a wheel reduction gear assembly and positioned between a bevel gear and a differential pinion gear, whereby generation of noise and vibration is minimized, and the number of parts is decreased to reduce a weight and a manufacturing cost.

2. Description of the Related Art

As well known to those skilled in the art, heavy equipment uses a hydraulic motor or an engine as its power source, and is divided into a wheel type and a crawler type, depending upon a shape of a wheel.

Other than conventional vehicles, heavy equipment need not travel at a high speed and be frequently changed in its speed due to its operation characteristic. However, heavy equipment has major problems to be solved, such as generation of noise and vibration, increase in the number of parts, and rise in the manufacturing cost.

Describing a construction of a power transmission system which is applied to a conventional forklift, a transmission is located at a middle portion of the power transmission system, and a clutch is installed between an input shaft and an output shaft of the transmission to prevent or allow transmission of rotational force of the input shaft to the output shaft. However, since the transmission for heavy equipment is installed along with the clutch between a torque converter and an axle shaft, lengths of an engine and a drive shaft cannot but be increased, and most of noise and vibration generated in the engine are transferred via the transmission to a driver's seat which is centrally positioned in the heavy equipment. Also, due to the fact that the transmission is placed before a bevel gear which functions to change a power transmitting direction and implement gear reduction, shock generated in the transmission upon speed change is likely to be excessively transmitted to the driver's seat, and thereby, durability of the transmission is apt to be deteriorated.

To cope with these problems, the present applicant disclosed a wheel transmission for heavy equipment in Korean Patent Application Nos. 2001-11280 and 2001-56004. In these documents, a transmission which uses a hydraulic clutch is mounted to a wheel axle assembly for front or rear wheels, and is connected to an axle via a propeller shaft, to prevent noise and vibration generated in the engine from being transferred to the transmission and allow both wheels to be driven independently from each other. By this fact, a rotation radius when the heavy equipment is spun or turned is minimized. Also, due to the fact that a brake and the clutch are integrally formed with each other, it is possible to improve braking performance and render a compact structure. As a consequence, mounting of the engine and axle can be designed with a wide range of freedom.

Describing in more detail Korean Patent Application No. 2001-11280 with reference to FIG. 1, in the heavy equipment, rotation force is transmitted to an axle shaft 108 via an engine, a torque converter, a propeller shaft, a bevel gear and a differential gear. A wheel transmission 100, which comprises a planetary gear assembly, a first transmission clutch section and a second transmission clutch section, is installed in an axle hub 104 in which both ends of the axle shaft 108 are positioned, to allow a pair of left and right wheels 102 to be independently driven.

Nevertheless, in order to ensure that the wheel transmission is applied to a lightweight forklift which does not need to be spun or turned, it is necessary to develop a new transmission which is capable of commonly using parts with the wheel transmission and is constructed to decrease the number of part and reduce a manufacturing cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a transmission which is constructed to allow a speed change to be implemented after a bevel gear with an rpm reduced, thereby minimizing shock generated when implementing a speed change, and wherein a planetary gear assembly and a transmission clutch unit are separately positioned from each other to decrease generation of noise and vibration, a rotational direction of the bevel gear is not changed even when a gear shift is implemented between forward and backward directions, to significantly reduce noise generated in the bevel gear and an impact force applied to transmission gears, and the transmission clutch unit is positioned between the bevel gear and a differential pinion gear to allow an installation space to be sufficiently secured and the vehicle to be designed with a wide range of freedom.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transmission for a vehicle, wherein a rotation force generated in an engine of the vehicle is transmitted via a torque converter to an output shaft; power of the output shaft is transmitted at a right angle at a bevel gear section which is constituted by a bevel pinion gear and a bevel ring gear; the bevel ring gear transmits power to a clutch unit which is constituted by forward and backward clutch sections to be connected to the bevel ring gear when a gear shift is implemented in forward and backward directions, respectively; the forward and backward clutch sections are connected to a differential gear case which transmits power to a differential pinion gear and a drive shaft; and the vehicle is driven through a reduction gear assembly which is mounted to an axle assembly.

According to another aspect of the present invention, in the reduction gear assembly, a sun gear is coupled to the drive shaft, a plurality of planetary gears are meshed with the sun gear, a ring gear fastened to the axle assembly is meshed with the plurality of planetary gears, and the planetary gears are connected to a carrier shaft so that power can be finally transmitted to wheels at a reduced speed.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the axle assembly is provided with wet type brake means for braking the drive shaft and parking brake means for braking the sun gear, and the wet type brake means and the parking brake means obtain braking force as brake discs arranged in a side-by-side relationship are squeezed against brake pads by a hydraulic pressure.

According to another aspect of the present invention, each of the forward clutch section and backward clutch section comprises a clutch drum, a cylinder is formed in the clutch drum, a piston is disposed in the cylinder such that it can be reciprocated in the cylinder by working fluid supplied into and discharged out of the cylinder, a spring is placed in the cylinder to bias the piston in one direction, and a clutch pack is formed on an inner surface of the clutch drum and an outer surface of a coupling.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the backward clutch section is connected to the differential gear case in a manner such that a backward coupling is meshed with an idle gear in a clutch housing, the idle gear is meshed with a counter gear, and the counter gear is meshed with a backward driving gear which is integrally formed with the differential gear case.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, the forward clutch section, backward clutch section and differential pinion gear are accommodated in a transmission housing; and the axle assembly comprises an axle housing which includes the wet type brake means and parking brake means and a final drive housing.

According to yet still another aspect of the present invention, an oil connector for supplying oil is installed in each of forward and backward clutch drums which are connected to the bevel ring gear.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a systematic diagram schematically illustrating a construction of a conventional wheel transmission;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an entire construction of a transmission in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, in which a clutch unit is separated from a reduction gear assembly;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a bevel gear section and a clutch unit in the transmission according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating how a forward clutch section and a backward clutch section are connected to a differential gear case to transmit power via a differential pinion gear to a drive shaft in the transmission according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram taken along the line A-A′ of FIG. 4, illustrating a procedure in which a backward coupling transmits power in a backward direction via an idle gear and a counter gear to a backward driving gear in the transmission according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a construction of the reduction gear assembly which is coupled to the drive shaft to finally drive a vehicle;

FIG. 7 is a diagram taken along the line B-B′ of FIG. 6, illustrating a procedure in which a speed of a sun gear integrally formed with the drive shaft is reduced via planetary gears and a ring gear in the transmission according to the present invention; and

FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views illustrating courses in which power is transmitted in forward and backward directions, respectively.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Reference will now be made in greater detail to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.

As shown in FIG. 2, a transmission in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention receives power which is transmitted at a right angle from a bevel gear section 30. A gear shift, that is, a speed change is implemented in a clutch unit 201. Speed-changed power is transmitted via a differential gear case 14 to a drive shaft 25, and a vehicle is driven through a reduction gear assembly 401 with speed-reduced power. FIG. 2 illustrates an entire construction and a power transmitting system of the transmission according to the present invention. Hereafter, detailed structures of the transmission will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 through 7.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the bevel gear section 30 and the clutch unit 201 in the transmission according to the present invention.

Rotation force generated in an engine of the vehicle is transmitted via a torque converter to an output shaft. In the bevel gear section 30, a bevel pinion gear 1 is positioned, to which power of the output shaft is transmitted. The bevel pinion gear 1 is meshed with a bevel ring gear 2 so that power of the bevel pinion gear 1 can be transmitted at a right angle to the bevel ring gear 2.

The clutch unit 201 comprises a forward clutch section and a backward clutch section. Power transmitted to the bevel ring gear 2 can be transmitted to the forward clutch section 201 which is connected to the bevel ring gear 2 when a gear shift is implemented in a forward direction or to the backward clutch section 201 which is connected to the bevel ring gear 2 when a gear shift is implemented in a backward direction.

The forward clutch section 201 is integrally formed with the bevel ring gear 2 and a forward clutch drum 4. A cylinder is defined in the forward clutch drum 4. The forward clutch drum 4 has a hydraulic line which is connected to an oil connector 3 to define an oil path. The oil connector 3 is also connected with a backward clutch drum 7. Accordingly, as the bevel ring gear 2 is rotated, the forward and backward clutch drums 4 and 7 are rotated integrally with each other.

Meanwhile, a forward piston 6 and a backward piston 8 are disposed in the cylinders which are defined in the forward and backward clutch drums 4 and 7, respectively, so that they can be reciprocated in the cylinders by virtue of working fluid supplied into and discharged out of the cylinders. A forward return spring 10 and a backward return spring 11 are placed in the cylinders to bias the forward and backward pistons 6 and 8 toward their original positions, respectively.

In the forward clutch section, a plurality of annular plates are integrally formed on an inner surface of the forward clutch drum 4 to be positioned in a side-by-side relationship on one surface of the forward piston 6. A plurality of friction discs are integrally formed on an outer surface of an end of a forward coupling 12 in a manner such that each of the friction discs of the forward coupling 12 can be placed between two adjoining annular plates of the forward clutch drum 4. The annular plates and the friction discs constitute a forward clutch pack 5.

As in the forward clutch section, in the backward clutch section, a plurality of annular plates are integrally formed on an inner surface of the backward clutch drum 7 to be positioned in a side-by-side relationship on one surface of the backward piston 8. A plurality of friction discs are integrally formed on an outer surface of an end of a backward coupling 13 in a manner such that each of the friction discs of backward coupling 13 can be placed between two adjoining annular plates of the backward clutch drum 7. The annular plates and the friction discs constitute a backward clutch pack 9. As described above, the forward and backward pistons 6 and 8 are disposed in the cylinders such that they can be moved by a hydraulic pressure of the working fluid supplied into the cylinders.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating how the forward clutch section and the backward clutch section are connected to the differential gear case 14 to transmit power via a differential pinion gear 26 to the drive shaft 25 in the transmission according to the present invention.

The other end of the forward coupling 12 is splined to the differential gear case 14 to transmit power to the drive shaft 25. In the differential gear case 14, the differential pinion gear 26 is coupled to the differential gear case 14. The differential pinion gear 26 is meshed with the drive shaft 25. The drive shaft 25 transmits power to left and right wheels by way of a long shaft and a short shaft which are divided with respect to the differential pinion gear 26 depending upon a position of the clutch unit 201. That is to say, when a transmission housing 200 is formed at a left side when viewed from the position of the bevel gear section, one drive shaft which is connected to the left wheel serves as the short shaft, and the other drive shaft which is connected to the right wheel serves as the long shaft, so that the left and right wheels can be simultaneously driven.

The backward clutch section is connected to the differential gear case 14 in a manner such that forward directional power can be transmitted to the drive shaft 25 to implement a backward gear shift. To this end, the backward coupling 13 and a first idle gear 15 are meshed with each other in the transmission housing 200. A second idle gear 18 which is formed integrally with the first idle gear 15 is meshed with a counter gear 16. The counter gear 16 is meshed with a backward driving gear 17 which is formed integrally with the differential gear case 14.

FIG. 5 is a diagram taken along the line A-A′ of FIG. 4, illustrating a procedure in which the backward coupling 13 transmits power in a backward direction via the first and second idle gears 15 and 18 and the counter gear 16 to the backward driving gear 17 in the transmission according to the present invention. As the backward coupling 13 is rotated in a clockwise direction, the first idle gear 15 meshed with the backward coupling 13 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction. By this, the second idle gear 18 is also rotated in the counterclockwise direction, and the counter gear 16 meshed with the second idle gear 18 is rotated in the clockwise direction. Then, the backward driving gear 17 meshed with the counter gear 16 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction. Accordingly, the differential gear case 14 is rotated in a backward direction.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a construction of the reduction gear assembly 401 which is coupled to the drive shaft 25 to finally drive the vehicle. While a planetary gear assembly is illustrated as the reduction gear assembly, it is to be noted that the reduction gear assembly is not limited only to the planetary gear assembly. In this regard, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that various modifications can be made to effect reduction without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

The reduction gear assembly 401 is to drive the vehicle by reducing power of the drive shaft 25 at a reduction ratio of about 4.5:1. A sun gear 21 is coupled to the drive shaft 25. The sun gear 21 is meshed with a plurality of planetary gears 22. The plurality of planetary gears 22 are internally meshed with a ring gear 23 which is fastened to an axle assembly 500 and is connected with a carrier shaft 24 so that power can be finally transmitted through the carrier shaft 24 to the wheels in a speed-reduced state.

FIG. 7 is a diagram taken along the line B-B′ of FIG. 6, illustrating a procedure in which a speed of the sun gear 21 integrally formed with the drive shaft 25 is reduced via the planetary gears 22 and the ring gear 23 in the transmission according to the present invention. The plurality of planetary gears 22 are formed to have the same center as the carrier shaft 24. Thereby, as the planetary gears 22 revolve about the sun gear 21, power is transmitted to the wheels.

The axle assembly 500 which surrounds the reduction gear assembly 401 comprises wet type brake means and parking brake means. The wet type brake means functions to brake the drive shaft 25 and comprises a brake piston 19, brake discs 20 and brake pads 20′. The parking brake means comprises a cone spring 10′ and a parking brake adapter 27. In the wet type brake means and parking brake means, the brake discs 20 and the brake pads 20′, which are alternately arranged in a side-by-side relationship, are squeezed against each other by a hydraulic pressure to obtain a braking force for braking the drive shaft 25 and the sun gear 21.

In other words, the wet type brake means is connected to the drive shaft 25 by means of a brake coupling 31, and the brake discs 20 are formed integrally on the brake coupling 31. The brake pads 20′ are formed integrally with a side of the brake piston 19 of the wet type brake means so that the brake pads 20′ can be squeezed against the brake discs 20 by operation of the brake piston 19.

Also, in the parking brake means, the parking brake adapter 27 is movably positioned at one side of the brake discs 20 and the brake pads 20′ which are alternately arranged in the side-by-side relationship, and the cone spring 10′ is formed at the other side of the parking brake adapter 27 so that it can be compressed by a hydraulic pressure.

In the transmission according to the present invention, housings are separately formed one from another. The forward clutch section, backward clutch section and differential pinion gear 26 are accommodated in the transmission housing 200. The axle assembly 500 comprises an axle housing 300 which includes the wet type brake means and the parking brake means and a final drive housing 400. Due to this fact, since assembling or disassembling can be conducted for each housing, productivity can be improved and maintenance can be easily performed.

Hereafter, operations of the transmission according to the present invention, constructed as mentioned above, will be described.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a course in which power is transmitted in the forward direction as indicated by the arrows.

In the forward direction, power generated by the engine is inputted to the bevel pinion gear 1 via the torque converter. The bevel pinion gear 1 transmits power at a right angle to the bevel ring gear 2 to rotate the bevel ring gear 2. The forward clutch drum 4 which is integrally formed with the bevel ring gear 2 is rotated along with the bevel ring gear 2.

If a hydraulic pressure is applied in the forward clutch drum 4 through the oil connector 3 locked to the forward clutch drum 4 and the oil path, the piston 6 is moved in the cylinder in a direction where it squeezes the clutch pack 5. By this, due to the fact that the forward coupling 12 is splined to the differential gear case 14, the differential gear case 14 is rotated in the forward direction. At this time, the piston 8 of the backward clutch drum 7 does not apply a squeezing force due to the presence of the returning force of the spring 11, 30 that power is not transmitted between the backward coupling 13 and the backward clutch drum 7.

The differential gear case 14 rotates the differential pinion gear 26. The differential pinion gear 26 which is connected to the drive shaft 25 rotates the sun gear 21 for the left and right wheels. The sun gear 21 rotates the planetary gears 22. Because the planetary gears 22 are fixedly maintained in its position, the carrier shaft 24 which is connected to the planetary gears 22 serves as an output shaft to drive the vehicle in the forward direction.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a course in which power is transmitted in the backward direction as indicated by the arrows.

In the backward direction, power generated by the engine is inputted to the bevel pinion gear 1 via the torque converter. The bevel pinion gear 1 transmits power at a right angle to the bevel ring gear 2 to rotate the bevel ring gear 2. The backward clutch drum 7 and the oil connector 3 are connected to the bevel ring gear 2 by means of the forward clutch drum 4 to be rotated integrally with the bevel ring gear 2.

If a hydraulic pressure is applied in the backward clutch drum 7, the backward piston 8 is moved in the cylinder in a direction where it squeezes the clutch pack 9. By this, due to the fact that the backward coupling 13 is meshed with one end of the first idle gear 15, the first idle gear 15 is rotated in the backward direction. At this time, the piston 6 of the forward clutch drum 4 does not apply a squeezing force due to the presence of the returning force of the spring 10, so that the forward coupling 12 is held uncoupled from the differential pinion gear 26.

The second idle gear 18 which is formed at the other end of the firs idle gear 15 rotates the counter gear 16 in the forward direction. The counter gear 16 rotates in the backward direction the differential gear case 14 which is integrally formed with the backward driving gear 17.

Accordingly, the sung gear 21 for left and right wheels is rotated in the backward direction in a speed-reduced state. The sun gear 21 rotates the planetary gears 22. Because the planetary gears 22 are fixedly maintained in its position, the carrier shaft 24 which is connected to the planetary gears 22 serves as an output shaft to drive the vehicle in the forward direction.

In the meanwhile, in the wet type brake means and the parking brake means of the axle assembly 500 which surrounds the reduction gear assembly 401, an operational procedure, in which the brake discs 20 and the brake pads 20′ are squeezed against each other by a hydraulic pressure and thereby the drive shaft 25 and the sun gear 21 are braked, will be described below.

If a start key is turned on to drive a car, as the parking brake adapter 27 compresses the cone spring 10′ with the aid of a hydraulic pressure of fluid flowing through the axle assembly 500, the brake discs 20 and the brake pads 20′ which are alternately arranged in the side-by-side relationship are released from the squeezed state to allow the brake coupling 31 to be freely rotated, whereby the drive shaft 25 and the sun gear 21 can be freely rotated.

If the start key is turned off to park the car, as a returning force of the cone spring 10′ acts on the parking brake adapter 27 which is not applied with a hydraulic pressure, the brake discs 20 and the brake pads 20′ are squeezed against each other, and the drive shaft 25 and the sun gear 21 are braked by means of the brake coupling 31.

As apparent from the above description, the transmission according to the present invention provides advantages in that, since a reduction gear assembly and a clutch unit, which are integrally constructed in the conventional art, are separately constructed from each other, noise and vibration are minimized and also, it is possible to reduce noise generated when a bevel gear is rotated. Further, due to the fact that a transmission clutch unit is positioned between the bevel gear and a differential pinion gear, it is possible to sufficiently secure an installation space and design mounting of an engine and an axle with a wide range of freedom. Moreover, because the transmission is constructed to allow a speed change to be implemented after the bevel gear with an rpm reduced, shock generated when implementing a speed change is decreased, whereby on-board comfortableness and durability of the vehicle are improved.

Also, by the fact that a transmission housing, an axle housing and a final drive housing are separately constructed one from another, only an axle assembly can be disassembled to overhaul the transmission, whereby the need for disassembling the entire vehicle is obviated and it is possible to flexibly satisfy mounting conditions of various vehicles.

Furthermore, due to the separation of the clutch unit and the reduction gear assembly from each other, the entire construction of the transmission is simplified and a weight of the transmission is decreased, whereby the number of parts is decreased and a manufacturing cost is reduced.

In addition, while a drum brake is used in the conventional art, in the present invention, since wet type brake means and parking brake means are mounted to the axle housing, it is possible to design a compact vehicle, ensure a semi-permanent use of the brake means and secure stability when parking the vehicle.

Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims. 

1. A transmission for a vehicle, the vehicle having an engine, the engine operative to generate a rotation force to an output shaft via a torque converter, the transmission comprising: a bevel gear section arranged to receive power from the engine at a right angle to the output shaft, the bevel gear section having a bevel pinion gear and a bevel ring gear; a clutch unit arranged to receive power from the bevel ring gear in response to a speed-change operation, the clutch unit having a forward clutch section arranged for connection to the bevel ring gear and a backward clutch section arranged for connection to the bevel ring gear, one of the forward clutch section and the backward clutch section connectable to the bevel ring gear in response to the speed-change operation; a differential gear case connected to the clutch unit, the differential gear case operative to transmit power to a differential pinion gear and a drive shaft; and a reduction gear assembly responsive to the differential gear case via the drive shaft, the reduction gear assembly mountable to an axle assembly and operative to supply power to drive the vehicle.
 2. The transmission as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reduction gear assembly comprises: a sun gear is coupled to the drive shaft; a plurality of planetary gears meshed with the sun gear and connected to a carrier shaft; and a ring gear, fastenable to the axle assembly, meshed with the plurality of planetary gears, power transmittable to a wheel of the vehicle at a reduced speed via the carrier shaft.
 3. The transmission as set forth in claim 2, further comprising: an axle assembly having wet-type brake means for braking the drive shaft and parking brake means for braking the sun gear, the wet-type brake means and the parking brake means obtaining braking force as brake discs arranged in a side-by-side relationship are squeezed against brake pads by a hydraulic pressure.
 4. The transmission as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the forward clutch section and the backward clutch section comprises: a clutch drum a cylinder formed therein; a piston disposed in the cylinder in such a manner that the piston can be reciprocated in the cylinder by working a fluid supplied into and discharged out of the cylinder; a spring disposed in the cylinder to bias the piston in one directions; and a clutch pack formed on an inner surface of the clutch drum.
 5. The transmission as set forth in claim 1, wherein the backward clutch section is connected to the differential gear case in such a manner that a backward coupling is meshed with an idle gear in a clutch housing, the idle gear is meshed with a counter gear, and the counter gear is meshed with a backward driving gear integrally formed with the differential gear case.
 6. The transmission as set forth in claim 3, wherein the forward clutch section, the backward clutch section, and the differential pinion gear are accommodated in a transmission housing, and wherein the axle assembly houses the wet-type brake means, the parking brake means, and a final drive housing.
 7. The transmission as set forth in claim 1, wherein an oil connector for supplying oil is installed in each of forward and backward clutch sections. 